Principles of Management Listed By Fayol

Henri Fayol advanced the following fourteen principles of management which he considered as flexible and universal regardless of changing environment.
1. Division of Work
When an organization come into existence work must be divided according to skill and specialization. Specialized activity when performed increases the efficiency of the organization.
2. Authority And Responsibility
According to Fayol authority must be delegated to get the work done. Authority is the combination of official and personal factors. Official authority is the power which has been given by the company, and personal authority is the intelligence, experience, moral worth etc., which are personal.
3. Discipline
Discipline is obedience and respect for obedient leading to company's goals. Without discipline there will be chaos and confusion, and company's goals will not be accomplished. Discipline requires good superiors at all levels.
4. Unity of Command
According to Fayol, employees should receive orders from only one superior who is immediately above him in the line, otherwise there will be a clash of authority and activities owing to which the work will not be performed smoothly.
5. Unity of Direction
According to it, each group of activities having the same objective must have one plan and one head.
6. Subordination of Individuals to General Interest
When there is a clash between two employees the management must reconcile their differences, otherwise it would be difficult to reach company goals.
7.  Remuneration 
Remuneration to the employees must be fair and based on equity. Salaries and fringe benefits must be enough to motivate workers. 
8. Centralization 
By the principle of centralization Fayol means that how much authority should be delegated to the employees and retained by the super. The larger the organization the higher will be the degree of delegation of authority. Decentralization is the division of work and delegation of authority. 
9. Scalar Chain
There should be a chain of superiors down from the highest to the lowest echelon. Superfluous (excessive) levels should be avoided.
10. Order
By order Fayol refers to material and social order. It means a place for every thing or everyone, and every thing or everyone in its or his place.
11. Equity 
Management must maintain equity among the employees. Equity will facilitate to draw maximum loyalty from employees.
12. Stability to Tenure 
Job security should be provided to the employees to get their maximum of output. High lobor turnover causes greater costs and involves many hazards.
13. Initiative 
It means thinking out and executing a plan. Those who are high achievers and have initiative should be encouraged. They get satisfaction only when there ideas are honored. 
14. Esprit De Crops
It refers to team work and collective force of employees which must be used in the best interest of the organization. Team spirit makes it possible to get maximum of output with a minimum of input.